Dual-capillary dilatometer for density measurements of supercooled water

An apparatus tailored to accurate density measurements of supercooled water, i.e. liquid water in a metastable state below the freezing point temperature, was recently developed at Institute Thermomechanics Czech Academy Sciences. The apparatus, dual-capillary dilatometer, is described, together with measurement procedure and evaluation methodology. primary result method are relative densities respect reference temperature given pressure. In order calculate absolute densities, as function pressure needed. For calculation such dependence density, so called thermodynamic integration involving literature data our experimental results used. dilatometer successfully employed ordinary heavy seawater. range from 238.15 303.15 K pressures atmospheric up 200 MPa presented compared respective IAPWS formulations properties. for also an equation Holten et al. (2014) revealing good mutual agreement. expanded uncertainty acquired by means estimated be lower than 50 ppm.